INDICATIONS
1. Common Cold of Wind Heat type.[5]
Headache and dizziness associated with Wind caused fevers.[1,7]
The early superficial stage of epidemic febrile disease. Red eyes.[5]
2. Liver Fire affecting eyes, with redness, swelling and pain of the eye.
Tinnitus, conjunctivitis or trachoma.[1]
Wind Heat in the Liver channel manifested in red, painful, dry eyes or excessive
tearing.[6] Headache and dizziness due
to hyperactivity of Liver Yang. Dizziness, headache, and deafness due to ascendant
Liver Yang.[6]
3. Hyperactivity of Liver Yang:[5]Headache, dizziness, feeling of fullness in the head. Hypertension.
4. Kidney and Liver Yin deficient: Chronic hepatitis, opthalmic
nerve infection, dizzy blurred vision.[5]
Yin deficiency of the Kidneys and Liver with spots in front of the eyes, blurry
vision or dizziness.[6]
5. Carbuncle due to intensive Heat, usually used with Red Chrysanthemum Flowers.
Boils and abscesses.[1] CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use with caution in clients with Qi deficiency
who have poor appetites and/or diarrhea.[6] PATENT COMBINATIONS
- Relaxing the Spirit: Nourishes Heat Blood and Yin, calms
the Shen. Tonifies and regulated the middle Jiao. harmonises Liver and Spleen Ziziphus
& Polygala- An shen ding zhi wan.
- Indigestion due to food stagnation:Reduces Food stagnation, transforms
Dampness and Phlegm, regulates the middle Jiao Agastache
& Magnolia- Po Chai pills- Bao ji wan. - Nourishing and reduce eye heat:Nourishes
Liver and Kidney Yin, nourishes Blood to improve vision, brings down Internal
Wind and calms Liver Rehmannia
Combination for Vision- Ming mu di huang wan. - Liver and Kidney Yin deficiency
leading to poor vision and eye problems: Nourishes
the Liver and Kidney Yin, reduces Ying deficiency Heat, extinguishes Interior
Wind, improves visual acuity Lycium,
Chrysanthemum & Rehmannia- Qi ju di huang wan. - Wind Heat type common cold or flu with cough at
early stage:Releases exterior Wind-Heat, diffuses the Lung
Qi and alleviates cough Morus &
Chrysanthemum- Sang ju wan. - Exterior Wind Heat or Heat excess:
Releases exterior Wind Heat and Clears HeatAgastache
& Mentha- Xiao er gan mao chong ji. - Yin deficiency with hyperactitiy of Yang:Tonifies
and nourishes the Liver and Kidney, subdude Yang hyperactitiy, extinguishes internal
Wind, promotes diuresisAchyranthes
& Cassia- Yang yin jiang fa fang.
- Headache due to externally contracted Wind Heat or ascendant Liver Yang, with
Ligusticum chuanxiong- Chuan xiong.[6]
- Dizziness and blurred vision due to Liver and Kidney deficiency, use with Lycium
barbarum- Gou qi zi.[6]
- Headache, dizziness, and vertigo due to ascendant Liver Yang. Also for seizures
and convulsions in children due to the internal movement of Liver Wind. Use
with Paeonia lactiflora- Bai shao, Haliotis
funebris- Shi jue ming, Gastrodia elata-
Tian ma, Uncaria rhynchophylla- Gou
teng.[6] - Colorless painless, flat, slow-healing suppurative inflammation
of the soft tissures and other toxic swellings, with Lonicera
japonica- Jin yin hua.
COMPARISONS: White, yellow and Wild
chrysanthemum Yellow Huang ju: is stronger for scattering Heat and for
red eyes: Conjunctivitis.[4] Has a greating
Wind Heat dispersing capacity- used for red eyes and headache.[6]
The best quality of yellow chrysanthemum comes from the city of Hangzhou and is
called Hang ju hua.[6] White Bai ju: is used to nourish Liver Yin and clarify
eyesight.[4] Is superior to other varieties
in nourishing the Liver and clearing the eyes.[6] Chrysanthemum indicum Ye ju
hua (Wild) is used to clear Heat and treat carbuncles, abscesses and ulcers.[5] PREPARATIONS:
Decoction. Flowers 5-10 g.[1]10-30 g For severe Heat cases.[2,3]
Good quality has a good shape, is bright in color, and is fragrant.[6]
10-15 g.[4] 3-18 g.[5]
5-15 g.[6] HABITAT:
Mostly cultivated. DESCRIPTION: Perennial herb. Whole plant covered densely by white downy
hairs. Stem: erect, slightly purplish-red, upper section multibranching. Leaves:
alternate, ovate-rounded to lanceolate, apexes obtuse, bases cuneate, pinnately
lobed, margins serrated, undersides covered by soft white hairs. Flowers in autumn,
white, yellow, pink flowers appearing in capitulum inflorescences. Achene: 4 angled,
no pappus. References
[1] Barefoot Doctor's Manual- 1977 Prepared by the Revolutionary Health Committee
of Hunan Province. Original Chinese manual- Victor W. Sidel. Originally published
by Dr Joseph Quin and the Fogarty International centre, Bethdesda (1974). Madrona
Publishers Seattle Washington ISBN 0-914842-52-8
[2] A Complete English Dictionary of Medicinal Terms in Chinese Acupuncture and
Herbalism 1981- Henry Lu Chinese Foundations of Natural Health- The Academy of
Oriental Heritage, Vancouver, Canada.
[3] Medicated Diet of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Chief Editor- Hou Jinglun.
Associate Editors- Zhao Xin, Li Weidong, Liu Jianxin, Geng Chun-e, Li Guohua,
Li Shaohua. Geijing. Science & Technology Press 1994. ISBN 7-5304-1735-5/R.
309.
[4] The Chinese Materia Medica A practical English - Chinese Library of Traditional
Chinese Medicine Publishing House of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine. Director Hu Ximing ISBN 7-81010-111-X/R-110
[5] Translation notes from Gary Seiford and Hocu Huhn- NSW College of Natural
Therapies. Sydney Australia (1982).
[6] Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica- Dan Bensky and Andrew Gamble- Eastland
Press 1986 Seattle Washington ISBN 0-939616-15-7 Images
1. readtcm.com
2. [1]
3. readtcm.com
Inner Path can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the
use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.Constituents
Adenine, choline, stachydrine, chrysanthemin, vitamin B1, aplgenin,
acacetin, coptiside I, chrysandiol, chrysartemin A and B, chlorochrymorin.[1] References
[1] Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica- Dan Bensky and Andrew Gamble- Eastland
Press 1986 Seattle Washington ISBN 0-939616-15-7
Research
Antimutagenic activity of flavonoids from Chrysanthemum morifolium.
Miyazawa M, Hisama M. Abstract
A methanol extract from the flower heads of Chrysanthemum morifolium showed a
suppressive effect on umu gene expression of the SOS response in Salmonella typhimurium
TA1535/pSK1002 against the mutagen 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (furylfuramide).
The methanol extract was re-extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate,
butanol, and water. The ethyl acetate fraction showed a suppressive effect. Suppressive
compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction were isolated by silica gel column chromatography
and identified as the flavonoids acacetin (1), apigenin (2), luteolin (3), and
quercetin (4) by EI-MS, IR, and (1)H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1-4 suppressed
the furylfuramide-induced SOS response in the umu test. Compounds 1-4 suppressed
60.2, 75.7, 90.0, and 66.6% of the SOS-inducing activity at a concentration of
0.70 micromol/ml. The ID50 (50% inhibitory dose) values of 1-4 were 0.62, 0.55,
0.44, and 0.59 micromol/ml. These compounds had the suppressive effects on umu
gene expression of the SOS response against other mutagens, 4-nitroquinolin 1-oxide
(4NQO) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), which do not require liver-metabolizing
enzymes. These compounds also showed the suppression of SOS-inducing activity
against the other mutagens aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole
(Trp-P-1), which require liver-metabolizing enzymes, and UV irradiation. In addition
to the antimutagenic activities of these compounds against furylfuramide, Trp-P-1
and activated Trp-P-1 were also assayed by the Ames test using S. typhimurium
TA100.
PMID: 14586095 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.2091 Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2003
Oct;67(10):2091-9. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Chrysanthemum morifolium extract improves hypertension-induced cardiac
hypertrophy in rats by reduction of blood pressure and inhibition of myocardial
hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha expression.
Gao T, Zhu ZY, Zhou X, Xie ML. Abstract
CONTEXT:
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (Asteraceae) extract (CME) possesses a vasodilator
effect in vitro. However, the use of polyphenol-rich CME in the treatment of
hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy has not been reported.
OBJECTIVE:
We investigated the effect of polyphenol-rich CME on hypertension-induced cardiac
hypertrophy in rats and its possible mechanism of action.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The Sprague-Dawley rat model with cardiac hypertrophy was induced by renovascular
hypertension. The blood pressure, cardiac weight index, free fatty acids (FFA)
in serum and myocardium, and protein expressions of myocardial hypoxia inducible
factor-1α (HIF-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), carnitine
palmitoyltransferase-1a (CPT-1a), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) and
glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) were measured after treating hypertensive rats
with polyphenol-rich CME of anthodia 75-150 mg/kg once daily for 4 weeks. A
myocardial histological examination was also conducted.
RESULTS:
After CME treatment, the blood pressure, cardiac weight and cardiac weight index
decreased by 5.7-9.6%, 9.2-18.4% and 10.9-20.1%, respectively, and the cardiomyocyte
cross-sectional area also decreased by 8.3-30.4%. The CME treatment simultaneously
decreased the FFA in serum and myocardium and protein expressions of myocardial
HIF-1α and GLUT-4, and increased the protein expressions of myocardial PPARα,
CPT-1a and PDK-4, especially in the CME 150 mg/kg group (p < 0.05 or p <
0.01).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:
Polyphenol-rich CME may alleviate hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy in rats.
Its mechanisms may be related to the reduction of blood pressure and amelioration
of the myocardial energy metabolism. The latter may be attributed to the inhibition
of HIF-1α expression and subsequent modulation of PPARα-mediated CPT-1a, PDK-4
and GLUT-4 expressions.
PMID: 27268080 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1190764 Pharm Biol. 2016 Dec;54(12):2895-2900.
Epub 2016 Jun 7. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Antioxidant action of a Chrysanthemum morifolium extract protects rat
brain against ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Lin GH1, Lin L, Liang HW, Ma X, Wang JY, Wu LP, Jiang HD, Bruce IC, Xia Q. Abstract
The present study evaluated the potential neuroprotective effect and underlying
mechanism of the total flavones extracted from Chrysanthemum morifolium (TFCM)
against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. An animal model of cerebral ischemia
was established by occluding the right middle cerebral artery for 90 minutes
followed by reperfusion for 22 hours. The neurobehavioral scores, infarct area,
and hemispheric edema were evaluated. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,
malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in brain
were also measured. The results showed that pretreatment with TFCM significantly
decreased the neurological deficit scores, percentage of infarction, and brain
edema and attenuated the decrease in SOD activity, the elevation of MDA content,
and the generation of ROS. In isolated brain mitochondria, Ca(2+)-induced swelling
was attenuated by pretreatment with TFCM, and this effect was antagonized by
atractyloside. These results showed that pretreatment with TFCM provides significant
protection against cerebral I/R injury in rats by, at least in part, its antioxidant
action and consequent inhibition of mitochondrial swelling.
PMID: 20412018 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1184 J Med Food. 2010 Apr;13(2):306-11.
doi: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1184. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
FLAVOR: Bitter, sweet, pleasant
CHANNEL: Lung, Liver
HABITAT:
Mostly cultivated.