Salvia
officinalis.Red
sage, Common sage, Garden sage Family:
Labiatae S. officinalis subspp. lavadulifolia-
Spanish sage. S. triloba is Greek sage. PART USED:Leaves TASTE: Aromatic and bitter, pungent ODOR:
Aromatic, strong, characteristic ACTIONS GROUP: The Skin & Mucous Membranes- Astringents
1. Astringent.[1,4]
2. Antiseptic.[1,4]Antibacterial.
Antifungal.
3. Antihidrotic.[1,2]Antiperspirant.
4. Bitter tonic. Stimulant.
5. Lactifuge.
6. Memory aid.
7. Estrogenic.
8. Carminative.[1]
9. Spasmolytic.[1,4]
10. Aromatic. [4] INDICATIONS
1. Inflammation of the mouth or throat. Stomatitis.[1,2]
Glossitis.[1,2] Gingivitis.[1,2,4]
Flatulent dyspepsia.[1,2] Tonsillitis.[4]
Quinsy. Uvulitis.[1,2] Pharyngitis.[1,2,4]
Relaxed throat. Laryngitis. Throat/mouth ulcers-[1,2,4]
Internally or as a mouthwash.[1] An
infusion can be used as a gargle or mouthwash.
2. Hormone balancing during menopause or with amenorrhea.[2]
Galactorrhea. Dysmenorrhea.[2]
Leukorrhea.[2]
3. Excessive perspiration.[2]
Night sweats of Tuberculosis and other illnesses. To darken grey
hair.[2] Wounds, ulcers. Hyperhidrosis.[2]
May be used as an infusion to reduce perspiration.[4]
4. Depression. Exam stress.[2]
5. Hemorrhages- minor.[2]
6. Liver and GB disorders generally.[2]
7. Rheumatism.[2] Gout.[2] SPECIFIC INDICATIONS: Inflammation of the mouth, tongue or
throat, as a gargle or mouthwash.[1] CONTRAINICATIONS: Pregnancy and premenstrual tension.[2] COMBINATIONS
- Throat conditions, use with Potentilla
and Gileadensis as a gargle.
- Dyspepsia, use with Meadowsweet and
Chamomile. PREPARATIONS:3X
/day
Dried leaves 1-4 g,[1,2] or
by infusion.[1,2]
Fluid extract 1:1 in 45% alcohol,[3]
1-4 ml.[1,2,4]
ORIGIN: Southern Europe and USA. DESCRIPTION: Perennial herb growing up to 50 cm in height. Leaves stalked,
3-5 cm long and 1-2.5 cm broad, oblong lanceolate and rounded at the base and
at the apex, crenulate at the margin. The venation is finely but distinctly reticulated,
depressed on the upper surface, prominent on the lower. References
[1] British Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1983 Published by the British Herbal Medicine
Association ISBN 0 903032 07 4.
[2] Herbal Materia Medica Course Notes For Diploma of Naturopathy and Diploma
of Herbalism Students by Lydia Mottram.
[3] The Pharmaceutical Plant Company Pty Ltd ppcherbs.com.au
[4] Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations R.C.
Wren Revised by Elizabeth M. Williamson and Fred J Evans. First published in
Great Britain in 1988 and reprinted in 1989 and 1994 by the C. W. Daniel Company
Limited. 1 Church Path, Saffron Walden Essex. Published 1988 Printed and bound
by Biddles, Guildford ISBN 085207 1973. Images
1. blogs.ubc.ca
by Brittany
Shalagan
2. herbalteasonline.com
Volatile oil 1-2.5%-[1] a
and b thujone[1]
as the major components 30%,[1]
50%[3,4,5] borneol,[1,3]
cineol 15%,[1,3] camphor,[1,3,4,5]
pinene,[1] salvine,[1]
salvene esters,[1] sesquiterpenes.[1]
2-methyl-3-methylene-5-heptene.[3,4,5]
Diterpene bitters- picrosalvine (carnosol), carnosolic acid.[5]
Flavonoids; salvigenin, genkwanin, 6-methoxygenkwanin, hispidulin, luteolin.[5,6]
Phenolic acids; rosmarinic, caffeic, labiatic.[3,5]
Salviatannin, a condensed catechin.
Estrogenic substances.[2] Resins.[2]
Tannin.[2] References
[1] British Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1983 Published by the British Herbal Medicine
Association ISBN 0 903032 07 4.
[2] Herbal Materia Medica Course Notes For Diploma of Naturopathy and Diploma
of Herbalism Students by Lydia Mottram.
[3] Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients used in Food Drugs and Cosmetics,
Albert Y. Leung. Pub. John Wiley & Sons Inc. (1980) NY
[4] Fenarolis Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, Vol. 1. 2nd Ed. Pub. CRC Press
(1975)
[5] Plant Drug Analysis, Ed. H. Wagner et al. Pub. Springer-Verlag
(1984)
[6] Brieskorn, C.H. and Bichele, W. (1971) Deutsch Apoth. Ztg. 111, 141
[7] Murko, D. et al. (1974) Planta Med. 25, 295
Inner Path can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects
from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a
plant medicinally.Research Rosmarinic acid is antiinflammatory (see Rosemary).
Sage oil has been reported to be antimicrobial,[1]
and antispasmodic in animals,[2]
and to be non-toxic.[1] References [1] The Merck Index, 9th Ed. (1976) Pub. Merck Inc. Rahway, NY, USA
[2] Morimoto, S. et al. (1982) Abstr. 28th Ann. Meeting Japan Pharm.
Soc. p555
Metformin-like effect of Salvia officinalis (common sage): is it useful
in diabetes prevention?
Lima CF, Azevedo MF, Araujo R, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Pereira-Wilson C. Abstract
Common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is among the plants that are claimed to
be beneficial to diabetic patients, and previous studies have suggested that
some of its extracts have hypoglycaemic effects in normal and diabetic animals.
In the present study, we aimed to verify the antidiabetic effects of an infusion
(tea) of common sage, which is the most common form of this plant consumed.
Replacing water with sage tea for 14 d lowered the fasting plasma glucose level
in normal mice but had no effect on glucose clearance in response to an intraperitoneal
glucose tolerance test. This indicated effects on gluconeogenesis at the level
of the liver. Primary cultures of hepatocytes from healthy, sage-tea-drinking
rats showed, after stimulation, a high glucose uptake capacity and decreased
gluconeogenesis in response to glucagon. Essential oil from sage further increased
hepatocyte sensitivity to insulin and inhibited gluconeogenesis. Overall, these
effects resemble those of the pharmaceutical drug metformin, a known inhibitor
of gluconeogenesis used in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In primary cultures of rat hepatocytes isolated from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced
diabetic rats, none of these activities was observed. The present results seem
to indicate that sage tea does not possess antidiabetic effects at this level.
However, its effects on fasting glucose levels in normal animals and its metformin-like
effects on rat hepatocytes suggest that sage may be useful as a food supplement
in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by lowering the plasma glucose
of individuals at risk.
PMID: 16923227 Br J Nutr. 2006 Aug;96(2):326-33. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Effects of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) leaves on memory retention and
its interaction with the cholinergic system in rats. Eidi M, Eidi A, Bahar M. Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
The leaves of sage (Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) are reported to have a
wide range of biological activities, such as anti-bacterial, fungistatic, virustatic,
astringent, eupeptic and anti-hydrotic effects. To determine the mnemogenic
effect of sage leaves, we investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of sage
leaves and its interaction with cholinergic system on memory retention of passive
avoidance learning in rats.
METHODS:
Post-training intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections were carried out in
all the experiments except ethanolic extract (i.p. intraperitoneally).
RESULTS:
Administration of ethanolic extract (50 mg/kg), pilocarpine (0.5 and 1 mg/rat),
the muscarinic cholinoceptor agonist, and nicotine (0.1 and 1 microg/rat) increased,
while mecamylamine (1, 5 microg/rat), the muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist,
and mecamylamine (0.01 and 0.1 microg/rat), the nicotine cholinoceptor antagonist
decreased memory retention in rats. Activation of muscarinic cholinoceptors
by pilocarpine potentiated the response of ethanolic extract. Also, pharmacological
blockade of scopolamine attenuated potentiating effect of ethanolic extract.
Activation of nicotinic cholinoceptor by nicotine potentiated the response of
ethanolic extract. Blockade of nicotinic cholinoceptor by mecamylamine attenuated
the response of ethanolic extract.
CONCLUSION:
It is concluded that the ethanolic extract of salvia officinalis potentiated
memory retention and also it has an interaction with muscarinic and nicotinic
cholinergic systems that is involved in the memory retention process.
PMID: 16500558 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2005.06.010 Nutrition. 2006 Mar;22(3):321-6.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Anticancer activity of Salvia officinalis essential oil against HNSCC
cell line (UMSCC1).[Article in German]
Sertel S, Eichhorn T, Plinkert PK, Efferth T.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Every year there are several hundred thousand new cases of oral cancer worldwide.
Clinical oncology is still challenged by toxicity and side effects of multimodal
therapy strategies in which is associated with poor prognosis for patients.
There is an urgent necessity to develop novel therapy strategies. As the majority
of anticancer drugs are of natural origin, natural products represent a valuable
source for the identification and development of novel treatment options for
cancer. The aim of this investigation was to study the cytotoxicity of Salvia
officinalis L. (sage) essential oil.
METHODS:
Salvia officinalis essential oil was gained by aqueous extraction from plant
material and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography. The cytotoxicity of
the essential oil on the squamous human cell carcinoma cell line of the oral
cavity (UMSCC1) was assessed with the XTT assay. These experiments revealed
the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of the essential oil. It
was used in the microarray-based analysis of gene expression of UMSSC1 cells.
The results were submitted to a signaling pathway analysis.
RESULTS:
The main constituents of Salvia officinalis essential oil include the monoterpenes
thujone, ß-pinene, and 1,8-cineol. Low concentrations of the essential
oil increased vitality of the UMSCC1 cells. Beyond the concentration of the
IC(50) of 135 µg/ml, sage essential oil reduced UMSSC1 cells viability
to a minimum. In the microarray gene expression analysis, genes involved in
cancer, cellular growth and proliferation, cell death, cell morphology, cell
cycle, gene expression, and DNA repair were the most prominent. The three most
significantly regulated pathways by sage were aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling,
cell cycle (G1/S checkpoint) regulation, and p53 signaling.
CONCLUSION:
To the best of our knowledge, this study suggests for the first time the ability
of Salvia officinalis essential oil to inhibit human HNSCC cell growth. The
therapeutic potential of sage essential oil might exceed that of its common
use in otorhinolaryngology.
PMID: 21894557 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-011-2274-3
HNO. 2011 Dec;59(12):1203-8. doi: 10.1007/s00106-011-2274-3. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Salvia officinalis leaf aqueous
and butanol extracts.
Qnais EY, Abu-Dieyeh M, Abdulla FA, Abdalla SS. Abstract
CONTEXT:
The leaf of sage Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is reputed in the folk medicine
of Arabia, and Jordan in particular, to relieve pain associated with gastrointestinal
disturbance.
OBJECTIVES:
Evaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous
and butanol extracts of S. officinalis leaf.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The analgesic effects of the aqueous extract (10, 31.6, 100, 316, 1000 mg/kg)
and butanol extract (10, 31.6, 100, 316 mg/kg) were studied using the hot-plate
test for mice and the formalin-induced paw licking in rats. The effects were compared
to those of morphine and the influence of naloxone on these effects was also evaluated.
The same concentrations of both extracts were used to evaluate their anti-inflammatory
effects using the cotton pellet granuloma and carrageenan-induced paw edema in
rats.
RESULTS:
The aqueous extract (10, 31.6, 100, 316, 1000 mg/kg) and butanol extract (10,
31.6, 100, 316 mg/kg) caused analgesic effect in the hot-plate latency assay as
well as in early and late phases of formalin-induced paw licking in rats. These
effects were reduced by the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (5 mg/kg). The
same range of doses of both extracts caused dose-dependent inhibition of carrageenan-induced
paw edema in rats as well as inhibition of cotton pellet granuloma.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:
These observations suggest that the sage leaf aqueous and butanol extracts have
analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, confirming the traditional use of this
plant for pain alleviation.
PMID: 20860437 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903530763 Pharm Biol. 2010 Oct;48(10):1149-56.
doi: 10.3109/13880200903530763. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components
Ahmad Ghorbania and Mahdi Esmaeilizadehb,c,* Abstract
Salvia officinalis (Sage) is a plant in the family of Labiatae/Lamiaceae. It is
native to Middle East and Mediterranean areas, but today has been naturalized
throughout the world. In folk medicine, S. officinalis has been used for the treatment
of different kinds of disorders including seizure, ulcers, gout, rheumatism, inflammation,
dizziness, tremor, paralysis, diarrhea, and hyperglycemia. In recent years, this
plant has been a subject of intensive studies to document its traditional use
and to find new biological effects. These studies have revealed a wide range of
pharmacological activities for S. officinalis. Present review highlights the up-to-date
information on the pharmacological findings that have been frequently reported
for S. officinalis. These findings include anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive,
antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antidementia, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic
effects. Also, chemical constituents responsible for pharmacological effects of
S. officinalis and the clinical studies on this plant are presented and discussed.
J Tradit Complement Med. 2017 Oct; 7(4): 433–440. Published online 2017
Jan 13. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.12.014 PMCID: PMC5634728
PMID: 29034191 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Salvia
officinalis. Red
sage, Common sage, Garden sage Family:
Labiatae
