Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Fraxinus chinensis var rhynchophylla. Juglans mandshurica  秦 皮 Qín pí- "Qin dynasty bark"  Korean Ash  Family: Oleaceae    
PART USED: Bark of branch- harvested in Spring or Autumn.
Nature: Cool, Cold   FLAVOR: Bitter, astringent  CHANNEL: Liver, Gall Bladder, Large Intestine, Stomach
FUNCTIONS- Mainly stops diarrhea due to dysentery.[2]
GROUP: Clearing internal Heat- Drying Dampness
1. Drains Damp Heat.[3] Clear Heat.[1,2] Atringent.[2]
2. Dry up Dampness. Diuretic.
3. Drains Liver Fire and benefits the eyes.[3]
4. Disperses Wind Dampness for painful obstruction, mainly of the Hot type.[3]
ACTIONS
INDICATIONS
1. Damp Heat dysentery,[2] with bleeding.[3] Leukorrhea.
2. Liver Fire affecting the eyes causing red eyes with swelling and pain, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity.[3]
3. Damp Heat causing painful obstruction:[3] Rheumatism in muscle level.[2] Pain in arthritis.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Cold from deficiency of the Spleen.[3] According to some traditional sources, this herb antagonizes Evodia rutaecarpa- Wu zhu yu.[3]
PATENT COMBINATIONS
- Diarrhea and dysentery due to Heat-Toxins invading Blood: Clears Heat, revolves Toxicity, cools the Blood, relieves diarrhea and dysentery Pulsatilla Decoction- Bai tou weng tang
COMBINATIONS
PREPARATIONS: Dry bark  4-9 g.[1] 3-15 g.[2,3]

References
Inner Path can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Constituents
Research

Secoiridoids from the stem barks of Fraxinus rhynchophylla with pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity.
Ahn JH, Shin E, Liu Q, Kim SB, Choi KM, Yoo HS, Hwang BY, Lee MK.
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase digests dietary fats by hydrolysis, which is a key enzyme for lipid absorption. Therefore, reduction of fat absorption by the inhibition of pancreatic lipase is suggested to be a therapeutic strategy for obesity. From the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the stem barks of Fraxinus rhynchophylla (Oleaceae), four secoiridoids such as ligstroside (1), oleuropein (2), 2"-hydroxyoleuropein (3) and hydroxyframoside B (4) were isolated. The inhibitory activity of these compounds on pancreatic lipase was assessed using porcine pancreatic lipase as an in vitro assay system. Compound 4 showed the strongest inhibition on pancreatic lipase, which followed by compounds 1-3. In addition, compound 4 exerted inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase in a mixed mechanism of competitive and noncompetitive manner. Taken together, F. rhynchophylla and its constituents might be beneficial to obesity.
PMID: 22840217 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.711328 Nat Prod Res. 2013;27(12):1132-5. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2012.711328. Epub 2012 Jul 30. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Inhibitory effects of coumarins from the stem barks of Fraxinus rhynchophylla on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells.
Shin E, Choi KM, Yoo HS, Lee CK, Hwang BY, Lee MK.
Abstract
In the course of screening anti-adipogenic activity of natural products employing the preadipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1 as an in vitro assay system, the EtOAc fraction of the stem barks of Fraxinus rhynchophylla DENCE (Oleaceae) showed significant inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation as assessed by measuring fat accumulation using Oil Red O staining. Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of six coumarins such as esculetin (1), scopoletin (2), fraxetin (3), fraxidin (4) esculin (5) and fraxin (6). Among the six coumarins isolated, esculetin (1) showed the most potent inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation, followed by fraxetin (3). Further studies with interval treatment demonstrated that esculetin (1) exerted inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation when treated within 2 d (days 0-2) after differentiation induction. We further investigated the effect of esculetin (1) on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), one of the early adipogenic transcription factors. Esculetin (1) significantly blocked the induction of PPARgamma protein expression and inhibited adipocyte differentiation induced by troglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist. Taken together, these results suggest that esculetin (1), an active compound from F. rhynchophylla, inhibited early stage of adipogenic differentiation, in part, via inhibition of PPARgamma-dependent pathway.
PMID: 20823583 Biol Pharm Bull. 2010;33(9):1610-4. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Esculetin from Fraxinus rhynchophylla attenuates atopic skin inflammation by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines.
Jeong NH, Yang EJ, Jin M, Lee JY, Choi YA, Park PH, Lee SR, Kim SU, Shin TY, Kwon TK, Jang YH, Song KS, Kim SH.
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder afflicting from infancy to adults with itching, scratching, and lichenification. We aimed to investigate the effects of esculetin from Fraxinus rhynchophylla on atopic skin inflammation. For induction of atopic skin inflammation, we exposed the ears of female BALB/c mice to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae extract, DFE) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) for 4 weeks. Oral administration of esculetin reduced the symptoms of DFE/DNCB-induced atopic skin inflammation, which were evaluated based on ear swelling and number of scratch bouts. The immunoglobulin (Ig) E, IgG2a, and histamine levels in serum were decreased and inflammatory cell infiltration in skin tissue was reduced by the esculetin. It suppressed production of Th1, Th2 and Th17-related cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-31 and IL-17 in the ear tissue. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of esculetin on activated keratinocytes, which are representative cells used for studying the pathogenesis of acute and chronic atopic skin inflammation. As results, esculetin suppressed gene expression of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines and the activation of nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated keratinocytes. Taken together, these results imply that esculetin attenuated atopic skin inflammation, suggesting that esculetin could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AD.
PMID: 29656211 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.005 Int Immunopharmacol. 2018 Jun;59:209-216. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.005. Epub 2018 Apr 12. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov