Bubalus bubalis   水牛角 Shuǐ niú jiǎo    Asian Water Buffalo   
PART USED: Horn
Nature: Cold    FLAVOR: Bitter   CHANNELS: Heart, Liver, Stomach
FUNCTIONS
GROUP: Clear Heat- Cool Blood
1. Clear up heat, counteract toxic effects, cool blood, arrest bleeding.[1]
INDICATIONS
1. High fever, epidemic encephalitis B, schizophrenia, hepatitis, purpurea.[1]
PREPARATIONS: Horn  15-30 g.[1]

References
Inner Path can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of animal products. Always seek advice from a professional before using an animal product medicinally.
Research

Metabolomics of the Antipyretic Effects of Bubali Cornu (Water Buffalo Horn) in Rats.
Liu R, Huang Q, Shan J, Duan JA, Zhu Z, Liu P, Bian Y, Shang EX, Qian D.
Abstract
Bubali Cornu (water buffalo horn, WBH) has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an effective treatment for heat. In the present study, we have carried out a metabolomics profiling study on plasma and urine samples to explore potential biomarkers and determine how WBH exerts its antipyretic effects in yeast-induced pyrexia at a metabolomic level. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), together with multivariate statistical analysis, was used to detect and identify potential biomarkers associated with pyrexia and with WBH treatment. In total, sixteen endogenous metabolites were identified in plasma samples and twenty-one metabolites were detected in urine samples. The biomarkers identified in this study, using metabolic pathway analysis (MetPA), are involved in glycerophospholipid, arachidonic acid, amino acid, sphingolipid, and purine metabolism, all of which are disturbed in rats with pyrexia. As a result, WBH affect arachidonic acid metabolism and oxidative stress in yeast-induced pyrexia rats chiefly. The present study determines the important substances underlying the antipyretic efficacy of WBH at a metabolic level. It might pave the way for further investigations into the mechanisms of action of other animal horn-derived traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).
PMID: 27384078 PMCID: PMC4934856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158478  
PLoS One. 2016 Jul 6;11(7):e0158478. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158478. eCollection 2016. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 

Antipyretic and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of Cornu bubali (water buffalo horn).
Liu R, Wang M, Duan JA.
Abstract
Cornu Bubali (water buffalo horn, WBH) is an animal-derived product which is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for dispelling heat, relieving convulsions and cooling blood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antipyretic activity of WBH aqueous extract and its potential mechanism. Two hyperthermia models, yeast-induced (infectious) and skimmed milk-induced (noninfectious) hyperthermia were employed to evaluate the antipyretic effect and the results showed that rectal temperature of hyperthermia animals was decreased significantly after oral administration of WBH extract. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (rCMECs) was inhibited by WBH extract in the concentrations of 10 microg/ml and 100 microg/ml. The WBH extract protected rCMECs survival from hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced toxicity and inhibited the H(2)O(2)-induced leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme release at a dose ranging from 5 microg/ml to 100 microg/ml. It could also increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities. The results suggest that Cornu Bubali exhibits antipyretic activity on both infectious and noninfectious hyperthermia. The antipyretic activity of WBH may be due to the effects on enhancing antioxidation enzyme activities, decreasing PGE(2) production, and protecting the rCMECs against H(2)O(2)-induced injury.
PMID: 20387226 DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X10007853  Am J Chin Med. 2010;38(2):293-306.  ncbi.nlm.nih.gov