Solidago virgaurea var. leiocacarpa, S. decurrens  一 枝 黄 花 Yi zhi huang hua   Golden Rod   Family: Compositae   
Nature- Slightly cool, neutral   FLAVOR: Peppery (acrid), bitter, slightly pungent
FUNCTIONS
1. Disperse Wind Heat. Antibacterial and heal inflammation.[2]
2. Aids digestion, relieves flatus, expels worms, clears fevers and detoxifies.[2]
INDICATIONS
1. Common Cold. Acute laryngitis, tonsillitis.[2] Influenza headache, sore throat.[1]
2. Malaria, and measles.[2]
3. Carbuncle, swelling.[2]
4. Gastric pain and vomiting, and worms in small children.[1]
PREPARATIONS: Decoction.  Whole plant  10-20.
15-30 g.[1] 9-15 g.[2]
HABITAT: Found growing wild on sunny slopes.
DESCRIPTION: Perennial herb 75 cm in height. Stem; erect, dark red. Radical leaves, oval or long ovate. Stem leaves; alternate, oval round to long oval, finely toothed. Bloom; in autumn, small yellow flowers, inflorescence capitulate each with a yellow disc and 6-12 yellow ray florets. Achene; flat.
References
Inner Path can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.  
Constituents.
Research.
Leicarposide has anti-inflammatory effects in animals.[1] The saponins are antifungal against Candida species.[2] An extract of the leaves and flowers showed a transient hypotensive effect in rats.
References
[1] Metzer, J. et al. (1984) Pharmazie 39 (12), 869
[2] Bader, G. et al. (1987) Pharmazie 42 (2), 140
[3] Lassere, B. et al. (1983) Naturwissenschaft 70, 95

Antineoplastic activity of Solidago virgaurea on prostatic tumor cells in an SCID mouse model.
Gross SC, Goodarzi G, Watabe M, Bandyopadhyay S, Pai SK, Watabe K.
Abstract
Solidago virgaurea (goldenrod) has traditionally been used as an anti-inflammatory herbal medicine for the treatment of various symptoms, including prostatic diseases. The plant has also been reported to have antibacterial, spasmolytic, and carminative properties. During the course of our screening for antineoplastic activities in various herbal plants, we found that the extract of S. virgaurea exhibits strong cytotoxic activities on various tumor cell lines. The active component mostly resides in the leaves of the plant and is soluble in water. When the extract was fractionated by a Sephadex G-100 column, the active fraction corresponded to a molecular weight of approximately 40,000. This cytotoxic activity is effective on various tumor cell lines, including human prostate (PC3), breast (MDA435), melanoma (C8161), and small cell lung carcinoma (H520). To examine the effect of the cytotoxic activity on tumor cells in vivo, we used the rat prostate cell line (AT6.1) and an SCID mouse model. AT6.1 cells were injected into the flank of SCID mice, and then the G-100 fraction of S. virgaurea was administered intraperitoneally or subcutaneously every 3 days. The size of the tumor was measured for up to 25 days. The growth of the tumor was significantly suppressed by the G-100 fraction at 5 mg/kg without any apparent side effects. Therefore, S. virgaurea is considered to be promising as an antineoplastic medicine with minimal toxicities.
PMID: 12467138 DOI: 10.1207/S15327914NC431_9  Nutr Cancer. 2002;43(1):76-81. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Biochemical effects of Solidago virgaurea extract on experimental cardiotoxicity.
El-Tantawy WH.
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major health problem of advanced as well as developing countries of the world. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of the Solidago virgaurea extract on isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (30 mg/kg) into rats twice at an interval of 24 h, for two consecutive days, led to a significant increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme activities, total cholesterol, triglycerides, free serum fatty acid, cardiac tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide levels and a significant decrease in levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase in cardiac tissue as compared to the normal control group (P?<?0.05). Pretreatment with S. virgaurea extract for 5 weeks at a dose of 250 mg/kg followed by isoproterenol injection significantly prevented the observed alterations. Captopril (50 mg/kg/day, given orally), an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme used as a standard cardioprotective drug, was used as a positive control in this study. The data of the present study suggest that S. virgaurea extract exerts its protective effect by decreasing MDA level and increasing the antioxidant status in isoproterenol-treated rats. The study emphasizes the beneficial action of S. virgaurea extract as a cardioprotective agent.
PMID: 23872883 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0277-0  J Physiol Biochem. 2014 Mar;70(1):33-42. doi: 10.1007/s13105-013-0277-0. Epub 2013 Jul 20. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Antibacterial clerodane diterpenes from Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea).
Starks CM, Williams RB, Goering MG, O'Neil-Johnson M, Norman VL, Hu JF, Garo E, Hough GW, Rice SM, Eldridge GR.
Abstract
Nine clerodane diterpenes, solidagoic acids C-I (1-7), cleroda-3,13(14)-dien-16,15:18,19-diolide (8) and cleroda-3,13(14)-dien-15,16:18,19-diolide (9) were isolated and characterised from the ethanol-ethyl acetate (1:1) extract of Solidago virgaurea. The structures were determined by NMR spectroscopic analysis. Several displayed moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
PMID: 19857881 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.09.032  Phytochemistry. 2010 Jan;71(1):104-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.09.032. Epub 2009 Oct 24. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov