Coriandrum
sativum Coriander, Chinese Parsley
Family: Umbelliferae
PART USED:Seeds TASTE: Aromatic ODOR: Characteristic.
Unripe
fruits have an unpleasant fetid odor, resembling rubber.
ACTIONS GROUP: The Gastro-Intestinal Tract- Carminatives
1. Antispasmodic.[2]
Carminative.[2] Flatulence, colic, diarrhea
(especially in children), dyspepsia, constipation, H. Pylori, aiding in the secretion
of gastric juices.[5] Coriander seed
can prevent putrefaction in the stomach and intestines. It can help with acute
or chronic indigestion. Other than expelling gas (flatulence, colic), it can also
help in the pain of gaseous build-up in the body-bloating, soreness, hiccoughs,
belching, and cramps.[4]
2. Aromatic.[1,2]
3. Anxiety.[3] Insomnia.[3]
4. Topically- Rubefacient- bruised seed can be applied externally as poultice
for painful joints and rheumatism.[5] INDICATIONS- Used in cookery. The oil is used as a carminative and as a
flavoring.[2]
1. Dyspepsia. Intestinal colic.
2. Rheumatic conditions.
3. To flavour medicines.
4. Used incombination with cathartics. COMBINATIONS
- Fever- The seeds are used to bring coolness to hot stimulating food. When working
with a relentless fever coriander seeds can be steeped to make a tea mixed with
black pepper as a catalyst exhibiting diaphoretic properties to relieve the fever.
Use two teaspoons and steep for 20 minutes.[6] PREPARATIONS
Powdered fruit: 0.5-4 g.[1]
0.3-1 g.[2]
Fluid extract: 0.5-4 ml.[1] 0.5-2
ml.[2]
Volatile oil: 0.05-0.2 ml. [1]
NOTE- the volatile oil is toxic if taken in large doses.[1]
Local: Ointment. Liniment.
PART USED: Leaf-
Often called Cilantro. TASTE: Bitter, pungent, sour INDICATIONS
1. Allergies, hay fever, or a sore throat.[4]
2. Vomiting and indigestion.[4]
3. Cystitis and a burning urethra.[4]
4. Reduce urticaria, itching, rashes, and burns.[4] COMBINATIONS
- Gentle detox or laxative- Juice cilantro leaf and drink. Limit to 1 cup per
day.[4] PART USED: Seed oil ACTIONS
1. Antimicrobial.[3] Antibacterial.[3] INDICATIONS
1. Shallow skin infections and oozing dermatitis- topically.[3]
2. Coriander oil can be used topically to reduce muscle pain and cramps.[3] ORIGIN: Europe, Africa, Asia. Naturalized in N. America. DESCRIPTION: The fruits are globular, about 0.5 cm diameter,
with fine longitudinal ridges, separable into two halves, each of which is concave
internally and shows two brown, longitudinal oil glands or vittae. References
[1] Herbal Materia Medica Course Notes For Diploma of Naturopathy and Diploma
of Herbalism Students by Lydia Mottram.
[2] Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations R.C.
Wren Revised by Elizabeth M. Williamson and Fred J Evans. First published in
Great Britain in 1988 and reprinted in 1989 and 1994 by the C. W. Daniel Company
Limited. 1 Church Path, Saffron Walden Essex. Published 1988 Printed and bound
by Biddles, Guildford ISBN 085207 1973.
[3] Understanding Herbs Coriander/Cilantro – Coriandrum sativum Monograph
completed by the CHA of BC Student Subcommittee, 2017 Ada Guna, Ashley Giordano,
Petra Sovcovova, David Shaw chaofbc.ca
[4] Wood, Matthew. (2008) The Earthwise Herbal, Volume 1: A Complete Guide to
Old World Medicinal Plants.
[5] M. Tierra ( 1998) The Way of Herbs: New York, NY
[6] J. McVicar (2008) The Complete Herb Book: Buffalo, NY Images
1. commons.wikimedia.org
by Forest & Kim Starr CC Attribution 3.0 Unported
2. et.wikipedia.org
by Üleslaadija: Llez CC BY-SA 3.0
Inner Path can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the
use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Constituents.
Seed: Volatile oil 0.5-1%
containing coriandrol (d-linalool) 55-75%.[1,2]
Also anethole, borneol, camphor, carvone, decyl acetate, elemol, geraniol, geranyl
acetate, limonene and g-terpinene.[2,3,4]
Malic Acid, Tannins
Flavonoids; quercetin, 3-O-methyl kaempferol, rhamnetin apigenin, homoeriodictyol.[5]
Coumarins; psoralen, angelicin, scopoletin, umbelliferone.[2]
Phthalides; neocnidilide.[6]
Phenolic acids; caffeic and chlorogenic.[2]
Sterols, sugars, starch, fixed oil.[2] Seed oil: 60-70% linalool, sugars, alkaloids, flavones, resins,
tannins, anthraquinones, sterols, and fixed oils.[7] Leaves: caffeic, ferulic, gallic and chlorogenic acids.[7]
Organic cilantro leaf is a concentrated source of magnesium, a mineral which
aids in muscle relaxation and releases cramping muscles.[8] References
[1] Pharmacognosy, 12th Ed. Trease, G. E. and Evans, W. C. Pub. Bailliere Tindall
(1983) UK
[2] Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients used in Food Drugs and Cosmetics,
Albert Y. Leung. Pub. John Wiley & Sons Inc (1980) NY
[3] Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, Vol1, 2nd Ed. Pub CRC Press (1975)
[4] 'Herbs." An Indexed Bibliography 1971-80 Eds. J.E. Simon, A.F. Chadwick
and L. E. Craker. Pub. archon Books (1984) USA
[5] Ram, A. S. and Devi, H. M. (1983) Indian J. Bot 6(1), 21
[6] Gijbels, M. J. M. et al. (1982) Fitoterapia 53 (1/2), 17
[7] Understanding Herbs Coriander/Cilantro – Coriandrum sativum Monograph
completed by the CHA of BC Student Subcommittee, 2017 Ada Guna, Ashley Giordano,
Petra Sovcovova, David Shaw chaofbc.ca
[8] Dean, Carolyn. (2003) The Miracle of Magnesium. Ballantine Books, Toronto,
Canada. (219)
Research.
Coriander is hypoglaemic and antiinflammatory in animals.[1,2]
The oil is larvicidal and bactericidal.[1]
A 2011 study found that coriander seeds decreased blood glucose levels and countered
oxidative stress in individuals with non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetes.[3]
Cilantro has been shown to have chelation properties of heavy metals like: mercury,
lead and aluminum. The original findings by Dr. Omura were stumbled on by accident
while studying antibiotics being ineffective in treating ear infections; it became
clear the bacteria were using the heavy metals for protection. Dr. Omura began
to test patients urine and noticed mercury was being excreted in higher concentrations
after a meal was eaten that contained cilantro.[4] References
[1] Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients
used in Food Drugs and Cosmetics, Albert Y. Leung. Pub. John Wiley & Sons
Inc (1980) NY
[2] Mascolo, N. et al. (1987) Phytother. Res. 1 (1), 28
[3] Understanding Herbs Coriander/Cilantro – Coriandrum sativum Monograph
completed by the CHA of BC Student Subcommittee, 2017 Ada Guna, Ashley Giordano,
Petra Sovcovova, David Shaw chaofbc.ca
[4] Natural News: August 12th 2014; Michael Ravensthorpe.
Antioxidant potential of Coriandrum sativum L. seed extract.
Deepa B, Anuradha CV. Abstract
The seeds of C. sativum are used as a traditional drug for the treatment of diabetes.
The antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging property of seeds in vitro was studied
and also investigated whether the administration of seeds curtails oxidative stress
in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Incorporation of seed powder
in the diet led to marked lowering of blood glucose and a rise in the levels of
insulin in diabetic rats. A parallel beneficial effect was observed on oxidant
-antioxidant balance in the kidney. Addition of coriander seed powder not only
inhibited the process of peroxidative damage but also significantly reactivated
the antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant levels in diabetic rats. The total polyphenolic
content of the seeds was found to be 12.2 gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g while
total flavanoid content was found to be 12.6 quercetin equivalents/g. The seeds
also showed scavenging activity against superoxides and hydroxyl radicals in a
concentration-dependent manner. Maximum free radical-scavenging action and free
radical reducing power of coriander seed extract was observed at a concentration
of 50 microg GAE. Islet histology structures showed degeneration of pancreatic
islets in diabetic rats which was also reduced in diabetic rats treated with seed
powder. These results show that C. sativum seeds not only possess antihyperglycemic
properties but antioxidative properties also. Increased dietary intake of coriander
seeds decrease the oxidative burden in diabetes mellitus.Indian J Exp Biol. 2011
Jan;49(1):30-8. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The cholesterol lowering property of coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum):
mechanism of action.
Dhanapakiam P, Joseph JM, Ramaswamy VK, Moorthi M, Kumar AS. Abstract
Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) has been documented as a traditional treatment
for cholesterol and diabetes patients. In the present study, coriander seeds
incorporated into diet and the effect of the administration of coriander seeds
on the metabolism of lipids was studied in rats, fed with high fat diet and
added cholesterol. The seeds had a significant hypolipidemic action. In the
experimental group of rats (tissue) the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides
increased significantly There was significant increase in beta-hydroxy, beta-methyl
glutaryl CoA reductase and plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity
were noted in the experimental group. The level of low density lipoprotein (LDL)
+ very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol decreased while that of high
density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased in the experimental group compared
to the control group. The increased activity of plasma LCAT enhanced degradation
of cholesterol to fecal bile acids and neutral sterols appeared to account for
its hypocholesterolemic effect.J Environ Biol. 2008 Jan;29(1):53-6. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Effect of coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum L.) ethanol extract on
insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic
rats.
Eidi M, Eidi A, Saeidi A, Molanaei S, Sadeghipour A, Bahar M, Bahar K. Abstract
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is grown as a spice crop all over the world.
The seeds have been used to treat indigestion, diabetes, rheumatism and pain
in the joints. In the present study, an ethanol extract of the seeds was investigated
for effects on insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells in streptozotocin-induced
diabetic rats. Blood samples were drawn from the retro-orbital sinus before
and 1.5, 3 and 5 h after administration of the seed extract. Serum glucose levels
were determined by the glucose oxidase method. To determine the insulin releasing
activity, after extract treatment the animals were anaesthetized by diethyl
ether, the pancreas was excised, fixed in 10% formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin
for sectioning. Pancreatic sections of 5 microm were processed for examination
of insulin-releasing activity using an immunocytochemistry kit. The results
showed that administration of the ethanol extract (200 and 250 mg/kg, i.p.)
exhibited a significant reduction in serum glucose. Administration of streptozotocin
decreased the number of beta cells with insulin secretory activity in comparison
with intact rats, but treatment with the coriander seed extract (200 mg/kg)
increased significantly the activity of the beta cells in comparison with the
diabetic control rats. The extract decreased serum glucose in streptozotocin-induced
diabetic rats and increased insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.
(c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Phytother Res. 2009 Mar;23(3):404-6. doi:
10.1002/ptr.2642. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Coriandrum sativum: evaluation of its anxiolytic effect in the elevated
plus-maze.
Emamghoreishi M, Khasaki M, Aazam MF. Abstract
The clinical applications of benzodiazepines as anxiolytics are limited by their
unwanted side effects. Therefore, the development of new pharmacological agents
is well justified. Among medicinal plants, Coriandrum sativum L. has been recommended
for relief of anxiety and insomnia in Iranian folk medicine. Nevertheless, no
pharmacological studies have thus far evaluated its effects on central nervous
system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine if the aqueous extract
of Coriandrum sativum seed has anxiolytic effect in mice. Additionally, its
effect on spontaneous activity and neuromuscular coordination were evaluated.
The anxiolytic effect of aqueous extract (10, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) was examined
in male albino mice using elevated plus-maze as an animal model of anxiety.
The effects of the extract on spontaneous activity and neuromuscular coordination
were assessed using Animex Activity Meter and rotarod, respectively. In the
elevated plus-maze, aqueous extract at 100 mg/kg showed an anxiolytic effect
by increasing the time spent on open arms and the percentage of open arm entries,
compared to control group. Aqueous extract at 50, 100 and 500 mg/kg significantly
reduced spontaneous activity and neuromuscular coordination, compared to control
group. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Coriandrum sativum
seed has anxiolytic effect and may have potential sedative and muscle relaxant
effects.J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jan 15;96(3):365-70. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
