Mount of Mars (Upper)

RESISTANCE
COURAGE
COOLNESS
CALMNESS
THE WARRIERS

Plain

Temper

Lower

The portions of the hand which identify him are the two Mounts of Mars, the upper Mount located on the percussion and above the Line of Head, and the
Lower Mount under the Line of life and above the Mount of Venus. There is also the Plain of Mars, located in the centre of the palm, which bears some
relation to the Martian type.

Upper Mount -As single signs or in combination the star, triangle, circle, single vertical line, trident and square, stengthen the Upper Mount of Mars. The cross-bar,
cross island, dot or grille, show defects of the Mount, either of health or character. Nails, color, etc, will determine which.
Plain of Mars -All cross lines stars, crosses or grilles in the Plain of Mars, increase the inflammability and temper of the subject.
Lower Mars -Signs on the Lower Mount of Mars must be read on the influence lines inside of the Life line.

In the earlier history of Palmistry the Plain of Mars was considered to be the principal part of the Martian development. The Upper mount was afterwards
located and found to be a strong factor, and in later years the Mount of Venus was subdivided so as to give the upper portion to what is now called the
Lower Mount of Mars because it is BELOW the Line of Life. Any attempt to use only one these Martian developments to the exclusion of the other, will lead
to error, and it is only be the combined use of the two Mounts and the Plain of Mars that you will be able properly to estimate the Martian, a type
constantly encountered in very pure development, and which you will find in combination with most of the other types. In gaining the material for this
chapter I have taken the most pronounced Martians, and alongside of them, subjects who have been entirely deficient in Martian development, and from
these pronounced cases, several thousand in number.

This type embodies the elements of aggression and resistance, and the Martian is consequently a fighter. Do not by any means infer that the Martian always
fights with the sword and pistol, or engages in fistic combats, for he is more often found fighting his way against adverse elements and circumstances
in the MENTAL or BUSINESS world. It must not be understood that all Martians will be soldiers (though all true Martians would quickly enlist to fight for
a beloved country), they may be connected, and will more stoutly resist the efforts of those who seek to force them, than will the other types. Thus
wherever they are found, Martians are those who fight, and the Martian disposition is an aggressive one. In almost alll hands we find some Martian
development. If we fail to find it, the subject is easily discouraged and overcome in the struggle for existence. The Maritna qualities of aggression
or resistance are necessary to the completion of any character, for without them the subject will be run over and trampled under foot, and no matter how
brilliant or talented he may be, without the Martian fighting qualities, hi brilliancy will never be brought before the eyes of the world. There are two
kinds of fighters: those who are the aggressors and force the issue, and those who act in self'defense or resist the pressure brought to bear upon them.

Upper Mount of Mars = RESISTANCE
Lower Mount of Mars = AGGRESSIVENE SPIRIT
Often you find one of these Mounts largely developed and the other small, in the case the subject will have either great aggression, or great resistance, according as it is the Lower or the Upper Mount wich is the larger. Often you find both Mounts very largely developed. In this case you have a large supply of both AGGRESSSION AND RESISTANCE, and the subject will ush himself forward with great ersitence, and will also RESIST vigorously the attempt of anyone to impose upon him.
These subject with BOTH Mounts large, simply shove themselves over every obstacle and stubbornly resist any attempt to force them down. They never
know hwen they are beaten, and permit no one to think that defeat is a possiblity with them. The srong double Mount is a most advanced Martian
develpment, and when seen, the subject must be classed as a Moartian at once. This type is unmistakable. The Plain of Mars, if largely developed, or if
much crossed by fine or red lines, will show sudden temper to be present. This development with the other two Mount large will make a dangerous
combination, for it will add inflammability to the already great aggression
and resistance.

LACK OF MOUNTS
LOW PLAIN OF MARS = The hollow palm shows a LACK OF TEMPER and is to be found in the hands of many very successful people.
LOWER MOUNT OF MARS ABSENCE = is much more likely to produce a resulting failure attributed by older plamist to a hollow palm, for without the Lower Mount
developed, a subject will allow someone much inferior in attainments to plush past him by the sheer force of aggression.

UPPER = Resistance
PLAIN = Temper
LOWER = Aggression
The Martian according to this devision becomes a three sided fellow and you will have no trouble in estimating him properly is you carefully note which formation he has, and in what degree of development.

UPPER MOUNT
When the upper Mount of
Mars is developed so as to make a curve OUTWARDLY at the percussion of the hand, it is a strong Mount; when, in addition, it is so full that it forms a
perceptable pad on the INSIDE of the palm, it is unusually strong. When the side of the hand at the percussion is straight, or with a depression where the
Mount ought to be, the qualities of the Mount are absent. This absence of Martian development is to be noted carefully, for dire results often follow
such a deficiency. The Upper Mount of Mars gives to a subject the power of resistance, that is, under all circumstances he is cool, collected, does not
get discouraged if things go aginst him. He does not give up fighting even when the chances seem slim, and possibility of defeat. This power of
resistance, this faculty of never giving up, often makes the Martian successful over all obstacles. When, on the contrary, this Upper Mount is
absent, and the side of the hand flat or hollow, you know that the subject is easily discouraged, gives up quickly when hard pressed, and lacks resistance.
In moments of danger he becomes excited, and when knocked down he DOES NOT rise, for he thinks that it is no use to try any more. Thus you can see what
a wonderful power this Upper Mount gives thorugh this faculty of resisting, and what a loss the lack of it is. In the reading of every hand it must be thoroughly taken into account, for even dull or ordinary persons will push themselves through the world it they do not get discouraged. This deficient Mount is found on the hand of almost all suicides. The subject with only the upper MOunt developed will not force the fighting, will not hunt strife, but will be content to resist opposition, and to over come oppression when it appears.
The Lower Mount of Mars will show the subject who pushes his plans to the fullest extent, does not stop to consider other people, but with "hammer and
tongs", if necessary, forces himself over and through all opposition. He seeks strife, loves it and is always the pusdher who if full of aggression.
NOTE THIS POINT CAREFULLY, if you find a hand with the Lower Mount strong and the Upper one lacking, the subject will be a great bluffer, but not having
restance will back down easily if pressed. Having fixed the distinction between AGGRESSION, RESISTANCE, AND TEMPER, we will consider the typical
Martian, and judge him as being the aggressor, the resister or a combination of both, according as the respective Mounts are developed.

The Martian is of medium hiehgt, very strongly built, muscular looking, carries himself erect, shoulders back and has the appearance of one ever
ready to defend himself. His head is small, bullet shaped, with an unusually large development at the base of the brain. The back of the neck is broad
and, in a pronounced speciemtn, developed much above the average. The face is round, the skin thick and strong, red in color, and often presenting a
mottled appearance. The hair is short, stiff, sometimes curly and of an auburn or red color. The beard is short and harsh. The eyes are large and
bold looking, with a bright expression, dark in color, and with the whites often bloodshot, showing the great strength of his blood supply. The mouth is large and firm, the lips wthin with the under one slightly the thicker. The teeth are small, regular, strong, and yellowish in color. The brows grow thick, straight, and low over the eys, giving often the appearance of a scowl. The nose is long, stright, or of the Roman type, the chin firm and strong, often turning up slightly at the end. The ears are small and set
close to the head, the red color of the skin being quite prominent around them, this red often turning to a purple, congested appearance with strongly
marked subjects. The neck is short and thick, connecting the head with a finely developed pair of shoulders, broad and muscular, with large muscles
running down the back and a big expansive chest. In this chest is a pair of large, strong lungs which send forth a big commanding voice full of resonance
and power. The legs are short but stout and muscular, the bones of the body are big and strong, the feet are broad and the instep inclined to be flat,
making the subject walk in a proud, determined manner. Altogether he shows himself one well able to force his way through the world, mentally if he can,
physically if he must. The Martian by his very appearance shows his true character, full of fight, either appressively or in self-defence, mentally or
physically, a strong, robust constitution, and one ardent in all things. The Martian is first of all brave, to him the confict brings no
thought of danger. Consequently the Martian makes an excellent soldier. If an army could be marshalled which should be composed of typical Martians,
there would be not such thing as defeat possible to them, it would be vitory or death. The Martian has also robust health, consequently is naturally
energetic, and with good health is not so likely to have his vital forces sapped by inertia. This gives him an added power, which pushed forward his
aggressive side and makes him able more readily to resist discouragements. As a soldier it also makes him able to resist discouragements. As a soldier it
also makes him able to endure the fatigue of any campaign, and to push forward by rapid marches to seek and smite his opponent. His vigorous
constitution fills him with teh desire to accomplish whatever he sets out to do, and his energy makes him put forward the utmost effort to hain success.
He is exceedingly generous in the use of his money, caring for wealth only for what it will buy for him. He is one who loves to have friends and
admirers, and generally succeeds in gaining them. He is exceedingly devoted to these friends and will fight for them, as well as spend his money freely
with them and in their befalf. He is not always refined and delicate in his ways, but is often brusque and lacking in tact. He is well, meaning however,
and while he sometimes accomplishes his purposes in a vigorous manner, his typical characteristics must be taken into account and you must not expect
him to be always a Chesterfield. He is determined, and the stronger the type the more this is accentuated. Do not think you can oppose a Martian with
impunity, and be sure that if you do oppose him ther will be a fight on your hands. The Martian can be reasoned with and coaxed, but never driven, and he
is exceedingly amorous. His strong blood current and big muscular development speak of an exuberance of health,, and fill him with the fire of passion, and
the opposite sex becomes very attrctive. When he falls in love it is with all the intensity of his strong nature, and he simply proceeds to storm the heart
of his charmer, as he does the works of an enemy, and this Marian fire and dash so astound the object of his love that she is apt to surrender to the
assault. No sickly sentimentality takes part in his wooing, it is audacity and vigor from start to finish. The Martian is domineering, especially if the
Lower Mount is developed. Remember opposition rouses all of his fighting qualities, and this is his strong side; so all other types do well to millify
him, leading him by tact and diplomacy, rather than trying to force him. The Martian is a heavy eater. It takes plenty of fuel to feed the fires of his
strong body, so it takes a geat deal of food and the heartiest kind at that. he wants plenty of rare beef, potatoes, effs, cabbage, turnips, and all of
the more solid kinds of food. Salads and dainties that attract the epicurean taste do not suffice for him. He is very fond of games that require physical
strength and power. Wrestling, boxing, football, baseball, and all kindred sports strongly appeal to him. The rougher the sport and the greater the
strife, the better he likes it, and the better he succeeds. His is a big nature, he is not narrow in his view, and in all games or sports he wants
absolute ffairness to rule and the best man to win. He is primarily an active type, so those things whick are accomplished by daring and energy seem to him
the real things. The student and the philosopher appear to him small and insignificant. The achievements accomplished before the eyes of the world are
whate appeal to him. The Martian is found in every walk in life. His strong characteristics are daily felt in the mental world, the business community,
the army, the church, the state- everywhere. He must be put into occupations and surroundings where he can work off his surplus energy either in pushing
his affiars or fighting in the field. To put a Martian where he must be under restraint would be like stoping the safety-valve on a boiler and croding on
steam. Outdoor active accupations best suit him, and one confined to office routine should have a gumnasium near at hand. Wherever he may be, in whatever
walk in life, he is always the same ardent, strong fellow, proud to a degree, fond of show, inposing figure and the hero of the masses who bow down to his
superior strength and daring. As a painter theMarian will choose battle scenes, hunting scenes, or games of sport. As a reader he chooses tales of
war or strife, and never tires of the heroes who have come down through the traditions of the ages. As a musician he loves music full of fire and
pronounced rhythm, and not the plaintive love song. A brass band most strongly appeals to him. As a speaker he deals in strong sentences, and loves
to tell of battles and physical prowess. In everything he is the same, and Martian ideas tinge his horizon with their ardent strength.

BAD MARTIAN
The Martian has a bad side, which becomes so, not from the fact that he is inherently a criminal, but from the intensity and ardor of his nature. In
order that a Martian may develop his best side, it is essential that he be redined in every way possible. Everything that tends to coarsen makes him
more brutal, and with his strong tendencies, brutality makes him bad. On his bad side he becomes lascivious, a drunkard, and, as the worst development, a
murderer; and this common type is not al all hard to distinguish. The hand is hard, stiff, skin coarse, color very red, capillaries big and coarse, finger
short, with the third phalanges thick, nails short and brittle, and the Mounts of Mars very large, The Plain of Mars will be either high or badly
crossed, In some cases a large single cross is seen in the Plain of Mars indicating uncontrollable temper. On this hand you will find abig first
phalanx of the thumb, often the clubbed formation, and quite frequently the spatulate thumb. This Martian will be short in stature, the face very red,
eyes blood-shot, the skin spotted and with a purplish tinge, mouth twisted, hair a dirty red, and ears long. Such a Martian is the kind who lives only to
gratify his low passions, and to him there is nothing but brutality. When he is crossed in live he murders, and either by using an axe, a club, or a
knife-even the act of murder he brutalizes as much as possible. when he steals it is to greaify his passions, so hwile he is bad it is the wickedness of animalism.
He does not steal because he is a thief and the act of stealing is a pleasure to him, but merely because he wants to use the prceeds of his felony to
appease his appetites. Surround a crooked Mercurian with eveything he wants, and he will steal because he loves to. Give a bad Martian all he wants to eat
and drink and he will not steal.

MARRIAGE
The Martian is always predisposed to marry. He makes a devoted husband, though an ardent one, and is particular to choose a good-looking wife. The Venusian women please him best, as he wants a purely feminine type as a wife. He himself possesses enough masculinity for the whole family.

HEALTH
The health difficulties of the Martian are a predisposition to fevers, blood disorders owing to the richness and abundance of his blood supply, throat trouble, bronchitis, laryngitis, and kindred difficulteis with the bronchial tubes. These troubles are shown by grilles or cross-bars on the Upper Mount of Mars, emphasized by color, nails, and other health indications. Health difficulties are not shown on the Lower Mount. Health difficulties marked on the lower third of the upper Mount ofMars and the
upper third of the Mount of the Moon indicate intestinal troubles even going as far as tuberculosis of the intestines. This I have many times confirmed.

QUALITIES OF HAND INFLUENCES
Skin texture - Refinement elevates the Martian. If you find fine texture of skin, you know that coarseness and brutality are not so likely, and that
while the subject will be intese he will be more delicate in his methods than if he is unrefined. Very fine texture is not common to the Martian, although
it is found. I once saw a typical Maritan with very fine texured skin and found that he was a minister and very intellectural; another Martian with the
same finess I found to be a celebrated wrestler, very cool and levelheaded, and not at all brutal. The medium texture is often found on the Marian who
moves in good society, and it shows him to be a thouroughly manly man. With this texture is most often found the Upper MOunt leading and only a moderate
Loer Mount. This combination shows the power of intellectural and redined resistance under discouragement, with just enought aggression to keep up the
necessary balance. Coarse texture will, by taking away refinement, make a loud and disagreeable fellow, so intese that his society is not sought.
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